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Fact #1. The modern vacuum cleaner descends from a mechanical device known as the carpet sweeper. Sweepers feature a series of rolls and brushes that, when pushed along the floor, pick up debris and pull it into a surrounding box. This design was patented in 1876.
Fact #2. The first portable electric vacuum cleaner was invented by a department store janitor in 1907. This model combined the best features of early vacuums with the rolling brush of carpet sweepers in a design that loosened debris and sucked it into what was initially a pillow case. The inventor was unable to bring the design to market himself, so he sold the patent to a leather goods manufacturer.
Fact #3. Vacuum cleaners generate suction by creating a difference in pressure between the air outside the device, and the air inside it. An electric fan is used to reduce pressure inside the cleaner. This creates a suction that forces air and debris through the dust collector.
Fact #4. Filter technology is important for safety. Because vacuums pull dust up from the ground into the air, it's critical that the air they exhaust be cleaned of potentially harmful dust. The safest of all systems in this regard is the central vacuum system. It vents dirty air outside of the room where the cleaning takes place.
Fact #5. Vacuum cleaners secure debris in a variety of ways, the most common of which is with a bag. A fabric or heavy paper bag that is permeable by air can trap a high percentage of dust and debris. Bagless models feature a filtered, removable container or utilize cyclonic separation. This spins the dirty air so fast that dust is forced out of the air and into a collection bin.