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Fact #1. Writers, historians, and others have been collecting electronic copies of books since the 1970s. This has primarily been for their future preservation and distribution. One of the more famous examples of this is Project Gutenberg. It is named for the inventor of the moveable type printing press. The project makes out-of-copyright books available digitally for anyone who wants them.
Fact #2. In the 1990s, a few companies offered rudimentary e-readers to consumers. They were inefficient and had poor quality screens. Plus, there was only a small library of available titles. They failed fairly quickly. The next big experiment in e-readers came from Amazon. It launched the Kindle reader in 2007. The company had extensive access to publishing houses and an enviable web presence. Soon after, there were enough titles out for purchase to make the Kindle seem like a viable option for readers.
Fact #3. The next development in e-readers came three years later. Apple introduced the iPad. The goal wasn't the same, but there were many other similarities. The tablet began pushing e-readers away from their original e-ink style. They have since evolved into much more multifaceted devices.
Fact #4. Electronic ink is sort of like a high tech Etch-a-Sketch. At a basic level, it moves plastic granules of black and white ink through a fluid housed in spherical microscopic chambers. The white granules are positively charged and the black granules are negatively charged. Tiny electrodes switch on or off depending on the desired ink color at a given pixel location. This creates a mixture of text and white space akin to a very finely rendered Pointilism. It ultimately boasts roughly twice the resolution of the average computer screen while using a fraction of the power.
Fact #5. Dedicated e-readers are somewhat lacking in versatility. But they have many strengths where tablets fall short. They can store all the books you could ever want to read. Their operating time is usually exponentially longer than a tablet's. Plus, they're phenomenally easy to read in direct sunlight.